IGUALITARISMO E SUAS POLÊMICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO
Palavras-chave:
Igualdade. Igualitarismo. Equidade
Resumo
A questão do igualitarismo tornou-se um tema muito discutido nas últimas décadas, por consequência, o conceito de igualdade passou a ser usado de forma ostensiva nas narrativas políticas, econômicas e particularmente na educação. É um conceito complexo e procuramos estabelecer um diálogo complementar com os conceitos de igualdade e equidade. Destacamos que a equidade deve estar no processo e a igualdade no resultado. Entendemos que o discurso igualitarista contribui para acomodar as demandas das famílias e os estudantes. Entretanto, a narrativa igualitarista não elimina as diferenças e que não há hierarquia em certas desigualdades e sim uma complementaridade. A finalidade dessa discussão é facilitar a compreensão das narrativas sobre a igualdade de oportunidades na educação.
Referências
ALTHUSSER, Louis. Ideologia e aparelhos ideológicos do Estado. Lisboa: Presença, 1980.
AMSDEN, A.H. A Ascensão do “Resto” – Os desafios ao Ocidente de economias com industrialização tardia. Ed. Unesp, São Paulo. 2009.
ARNESON, R. Egalitarianism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2002.http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/egalitarianism
BOEHM, C. Hierarchy in the Forest - The evolution of egalitarian behavior. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts. 1999.
BOEHM, C. Moral Origins – The evolution of virtue, altruism, and shame. Basic Books, N.Y. 2012.
BOURDIEU, P. & PASSERON, J.C. A Reprodução - Elementos para uma teoria do sistema educativo. Francisco Alves, Rio de Janeiro. 1975.
BOURDIEU, P. A Distinção - Crítica social do julgamento. Edusp, São Paulo. 2007.
BRASIL NO PISA 2015 – Análises e reflexões sobre o desempenho dos estudantes brasileiros. 2016. Fundação Santillana. Inep. Brasília. http://download.inep.gov.br/acoes_internacionais/pisa/resultados/2015/pisa2015_completo_final_baixa.pdf
CAMPELLO, T. & NERI, M.C. (Orgs.). Programa Bolsa Família – Uma década de inclusão e cidadania. Ipea, Brasília. 2013.
CAPLAN, B. The case against education: Why the education system is a waste of time and money. Princeton U. Press. 2018.
CARNOY, M., JACOBSEN, R., MICHAEL, L., ROTHSTEIN, R. The Charter School Dust-up: Examining the evidence on enrollment and achievement. NY College Press. 2005.
COTTOM, T.M. Lower Ed: The troubling rise of for-profit colleges in the new economy. The New Press, N.Y. 2017.
DAHLBERG, F. Woman the gatherer. Yale U. Press. 1975.
DAWKINS, R. The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1998.
DAWKINS, R. An Appetite for Wonder: The making of a scientist. Ecco, N.Y. 2013.
DEMO, P. Aprender como autor. Gen, São Paulo. 2015.
ESCOLAR, INEP Censo. notas estatísticas. Brasília: Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, 2018.
ERDAL, D. & WHITEN, A. Egalitarianism and Machiavellian Intelligence in Human Evolution. In Mellars, P. & Gibson, K. (Eds.). Modeling the Early Human Mind. Cambridge MacDonald Monograph Series. 1996.
FERGUSON, N. The square and the tower – Networks and power, from the freemasons to Facebook. Penguin, N.Y. 2018.
GAZZANIGA, M. Who's in Charge?: Free Will and the Science of the Brain. Robinson, N.Y. 2012.
GOLDSTEIN, D. The Teacher Wars: A history of America’s most embattled profession. Doubleday, N.Y. 2014.
GOWDY J. Limited Wants, Unlimited Means: A reader on Hunter-Gatherer Economics and the Environment. Island Press, St. Louis. 1998.
HARARI, Y. N. Sapiens: uma breve história da humanidade. Porto Alegre, RS: L&PM, 2017.
HARDING, S. Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialisms, feminisms, and epistemologies. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis. 1998.
HARDING, S. The feminist standpoint theory reader: Intellectual and political controversies. Routledge, London. 2003.
HARDING, S. Whose science? Whose knowledge?: Thinking from women’s lives. Cornell U. Press. 2003a.
HARDING, S. (Ed.). The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader. Duke University Press Books, Durham. 2011.
HARDING, S. Objectivity and diversity: Another logic of scientific Research. U. of Chicago Press. 2015.
HAWKING, S.W. The Theory of Everything: The origin and fate of the universe. Phoenix Books, Beverly Hills. 2006.
HORN, J. & WILBURN, D. The Mismeasure of Education. IAP, Charlotte. 2013.
KELLY, K. What Technology Wants. Penguin, N.Y. 2011.
KELLY, K. The Inevitable: Understanding the 12 technological forces that will shape our future. Viking, London. Berkeley. 2016.
KURZWEIL, R. & BISSON, T. How to create a mind: The secret of human thought revealed. Duckworth Overlook, N.Y. 2013.
KURZWEIL, R. The Singularity Is Near - When humans transcend biology. Viking, New York. 2005.
LUBIENSKI, C.A. & LUBIENSKI, S.T. The Public School Advantage: Why Public Schools Outperform Private Schools. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. London. 2013.
MEZIROW, J. & ASSOCIATES. Learning as Transformation – Critical perspectives on a theory in progress. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. 2000.
MEZIROW, J. Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood: A guide to transformative and emancipatory learning. Jossey-Bass, New York. 1990.
NAGEL, T. Mind and Cosmos: Why the materialistic neo-Darwinian conception of nature is almost certainly false. Audible Studios, N.Y. 2012.
NOWAK, M. (with Highfield, R.). SuperCooperators: Altruism, evolution, and why we need each other to succeed. Free Press, N.Y. 2011.
PINKER, S. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Viking Adult, N.Y. 2011.
PINKER, S. Enlightenment Now: The case for reason, science, humanism, and progress. Viking, N.Y. 2018.
RASMUSSEN, D.C. The infidel and the professor: David Hume, Adam Smith, and the friendship that shaped modern thought. Princeton U. Press. 2018.
ROSLING, H. Factfulness: Ten reasons we’re wrong about the world – and why things are better than you think. Flatiron Books, N.Y. 2018.
RUSSAKOFF, D. The Prize: Who’s in charge of America’s Schools? Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, N.Y. 2015.
SAHLBERG, P. Finnish Lessons – What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? Teachers College, N.Y. 2010.
SCHEIDEL, W. The great leveler: Violence and the history of inequality from the stone age to the 21st century. Princeton U. Press, Princeton. 2017.
SHERMER, M.. Heavens on Earth: The scientific search for the afterlife, immortality and utopia. Robinson, Amazon Digital Service, 2018.
SMITH, A. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the Wealth of Nations. Flip, Amazon, 1776/2018.
TAYLOR, E.W., CRANTON, P. & Associates. 2012. The Handbook of Transformative Learning – Theory, research, and practice. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
WAAL, F. The bonobo and the atheist: In search of humanism among the primates. W.W. Norton & Company, N.Y. 2017.
WAAL, Frans de.. Chimpanzee Politics – Power and sex among apes. The John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, 2000.
WHAPLES, R.M..Egalitarianism: Fair ande qual? New thinking on egalitarianism. The Independent Review 22(1):5-13, 2017. http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_22_1_01_whaples.pdf
WORLD BANK (WB).. Learning – To realize education’s promise. The Wolrd Bank, Washington, 2018. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28340
AMSDEN, A.H. A Ascensão do “Resto” – Os desafios ao Ocidente de economias com industrialização tardia. Ed. Unesp, São Paulo. 2009.
ARNESON, R. Egalitarianism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2002.http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/egalitarianism
BOEHM, C. Hierarchy in the Forest - The evolution of egalitarian behavior. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts. 1999.
BOEHM, C. Moral Origins – The evolution of virtue, altruism, and shame. Basic Books, N.Y. 2012.
BOURDIEU, P. & PASSERON, J.C. A Reprodução - Elementos para uma teoria do sistema educativo. Francisco Alves, Rio de Janeiro. 1975.
BOURDIEU, P. A Distinção - Crítica social do julgamento. Edusp, São Paulo. 2007.
BRASIL NO PISA 2015 – Análises e reflexões sobre o desempenho dos estudantes brasileiros. 2016. Fundação Santillana. Inep. Brasília. http://download.inep.gov.br/acoes_internacionais/pisa/resultados/2015/pisa2015_completo_final_baixa.pdf
CAMPELLO, T. & NERI, M.C. (Orgs.). Programa Bolsa Família – Uma década de inclusão e cidadania. Ipea, Brasília. 2013.
CAPLAN, B. The case against education: Why the education system is a waste of time and money. Princeton U. Press. 2018.
CARNOY, M., JACOBSEN, R., MICHAEL, L., ROTHSTEIN, R. The Charter School Dust-up: Examining the evidence on enrollment and achievement. NY College Press. 2005.
COTTOM, T.M. Lower Ed: The troubling rise of for-profit colleges in the new economy. The New Press, N.Y. 2017.
DAHLBERG, F. Woman the gatherer. Yale U. Press. 1975.
DAWKINS, R. The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1998.
DAWKINS, R. An Appetite for Wonder: The making of a scientist. Ecco, N.Y. 2013.
DEMO, P. Aprender como autor. Gen, São Paulo. 2015.
ESCOLAR, INEP Censo. notas estatísticas. Brasília: Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, 2018.
ERDAL, D. & WHITEN, A. Egalitarianism and Machiavellian Intelligence in Human Evolution. In Mellars, P. & Gibson, K. (Eds.). Modeling the Early Human Mind. Cambridge MacDonald Monograph Series. 1996.
FERGUSON, N. The square and the tower – Networks and power, from the freemasons to Facebook. Penguin, N.Y. 2018.
GAZZANIGA, M. Who's in Charge?: Free Will and the Science of the Brain. Robinson, N.Y. 2012.
GOLDSTEIN, D. The Teacher Wars: A history of America’s most embattled profession. Doubleday, N.Y. 2014.
GOWDY J. Limited Wants, Unlimited Means: A reader on Hunter-Gatherer Economics and the Environment. Island Press, St. Louis. 1998.
HARARI, Y. N. Sapiens: uma breve história da humanidade. Porto Alegre, RS: L&PM, 2017.
HARDING, S. Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialisms, feminisms, and epistemologies. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis. 1998.
HARDING, S. The feminist standpoint theory reader: Intellectual and political controversies. Routledge, London. 2003.
HARDING, S. Whose science? Whose knowledge?: Thinking from women’s lives. Cornell U. Press. 2003a.
HARDING, S. (Ed.). The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader. Duke University Press Books, Durham. 2011.
HARDING, S. Objectivity and diversity: Another logic of scientific Research. U. of Chicago Press. 2015.
HAWKING, S.W. The Theory of Everything: The origin and fate of the universe. Phoenix Books, Beverly Hills. 2006.
HORN, J. & WILBURN, D. The Mismeasure of Education. IAP, Charlotte. 2013.
KELLY, K. What Technology Wants. Penguin, N.Y. 2011.
KELLY, K. The Inevitable: Understanding the 12 technological forces that will shape our future. Viking, London. Berkeley. 2016.
KURZWEIL, R. & BISSON, T. How to create a mind: The secret of human thought revealed. Duckworth Overlook, N.Y. 2013.
KURZWEIL, R. The Singularity Is Near - When humans transcend biology. Viking, New York. 2005.
LUBIENSKI, C.A. & LUBIENSKI, S.T. The Public School Advantage: Why Public Schools Outperform Private Schools. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. London. 2013.
MEZIROW, J. & ASSOCIATES. Learning as Transformation – Critical perspectives on a theory in progress. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. 2000.
MEZIROW, J. Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood: A guide to transformative and emancipatory learning. Jossey-Bass, New York. 1990.
NAGEL, T. Mind and Cosmos: Why the materialistic neo-Darwinian conception of nature is almost certainly false. Audible Studios, N.Y. 2012.
NOWAK, M. (with Highfield, R.). SuperCooperators: Altruism, evolution, and why we need each other to succeed. Free Press, N.Y. 2011.
PINKER, S. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Viking Adult, N.Y. 2011.
PINKER, S. Enlightenment Now: The case for reason, science, humanism, and progress. Viking, N.Y. 2018.
RASMUSSEN, D.C. The infidel and the professor: David Hume, Adam Smith, and the friendship that shaped modern thought. Princeton U. Press. 2018.
ROSLING, H. Factfulness: Ten reasons we’re wrong about the world – and why things are better than you think. Flatiron Books, N.Y. 2018.
RUSSAKOFF, D. The Prize: Who’s in charge of America’s Schools? Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, N.Y. 2015.
SAHLBERG, P. Finnish Lessons – What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? Teachers College, N.Y. 2010.
SCHEIDEL, W. The great leveler: Violence and the history of inequality from the stone age to the 21st century. Princeton U. Press, Princeton. 2017.
SHERMER, M.. Heavens on Earth: The scientific search for the afterlife, immortality and utopia. Robinson, Amazon Digital Service, 2018.
SMITH, A. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the Wealth of Nations. Flip, Amazon, 1776/2018.
TAYLOR, E.W., CRANTON, P. & Associates. 2012. The Handbook of Transformative Learning – Theory, research, and practice. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
WAAL, F. The bonobo and the atheist: In search of humanism among the primates. W.W. Norton & Company, N.Y. 2017.
WAAL, Frans de.. Chimpanzee Politics – Power and sex among apes. The John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, 2000.
WHAPLES, R.M..Egalitarianism: Fair ande qual? New thinking on egalitarianism. The Independent Review 22(1):5-13, 2017. http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_22_1_01_whaples.pdf
WORLD BANK (WB).. Learning – To realize education’s promise. The Wolrd Bank, Washington, 2018. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28340
Publicado
2023-06-16
Seção
FLUXO CONTÍNUO - Artigos
A submissão de originais para este periódico implica na transferência, pelos autores, dos direitos de publicação impressa e digital. Os direitos autorais para os artigos publicados são do autor, com direitos do periódico sobre a primeira publicação. Os autores somente poderão utilizar os mesmos resultados em outras publicações indicando claramente este periódico como o meio da publicação original. Em virtude de sermos um periódico de acesso aberto, permite-se o uso gratuito dos artigos em aplicações educacionais, científicas, não comerciais, desde que citada a fonte (por favor, veja a Licença Creative Commons no rodapé desta página).
