POR QUE NÃO LIDAMOS COM A REALIDADE DIRETAMENTE, MAS COM UMA RECONSTRUÇÃO MENTAL DELA?

Palavras-chave: Realidade. Mentalidade. Ciência. Humanidades.

Resumo

Nosso contato com a realidade é “mediado”, pelos sentidos e pelo cérebro, como substratos fisiológicos, e pela mente como instância autoral interpretativa. Não temos contato direto com a realidade: para darmos conta dela, primeiro precisamos de um processo de mediação sensorial e cerebral, interpretativo, reconstrutivo. Esta é uma questão epistemológica árdua, em geral não resolvida, que reaparece na física quântica como interferência do observador na mensuração dos fenômenos subatômicos. Fóton é partícula quando observado; quando não, é onda, sugerindo uma característica da matéria muito surpreendente, por parecer imaterial, dependendo do observador... Na discussão, por vezes acalorada e até mal-educada, aparece uma pletora de termos: construcionismo social; construcionismo como teoria da aprendizagem; construtivismo epistemológico etc. Em grande medida, esta querela divide cientistas exatos e naturais e acadêmicos das ciências sociais e humanidades, tendendo os primeiros a posicionamentos positivistas tradicionais e de produção acadêmica altamente prolífera e respeitável, enquanto os segundos buscam desvelar que, sendo ciência um empreendimento humano, leva a marca humana, cuja validade precisa ser escrutinada não só formalmente.

Biografia do Autor

Pedro Demo, Universidade de Brasília

Possui graduação em Filosofia - Bom Jesus (1963) e doutorado em Sociologia - Universität Des Saarlandes/Alemanha (1971). Professor titular aposentado da Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Sociologia. Professor Emérito. Fez pós-doutorado na UCLA/Los Angeles (1999-2000). Tem experiência na área de Política Social, com ênfase em Sociologia da Educação e Pobreza Política. Trabalha com Metodologia Científica, no contexto da Teoria Crítica e Pesquisa Qualitativa. Pesquisa principalmente a questão da aprendizagem nas escolas públicas, por conta dos desafios da cidadania popular. Publicou mais de 90 livros. 

Renan Antônio da Silva, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes

Professor na Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), no Centro Universitário do Sul de Minas Gerais (UNIS) e pesquisador em diversos institutos. Pesquisador Associado em Projetos na FAPESP. Com Pós-doutorado em Ciências Sociais (UNESP/Marília) e Doutorado em Educação Escolar (UNESP/Araraquara).

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Publicado
2020-05-22