IMPACT OF SHALE GAS & OIL PRODUCTION IN THE USA
Abstract
The large increase in the domestic supply of energy has been changing and impacting the US economy in a positive and negative way. This article aims to discuss the positive and negative economic externalities due to the exploitation of shale gas and shale oil, making these reserves promote a virtuous economic circle, attracting investments to the producing sectors. The article also aims to raise the issue of the environmental risks that involve such exploitation, such as the intensive use of water and the chemicals involved in the exploration process.
References
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. Acesso em:15 fev. 2016.
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. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2016.
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. Acesso em: 04 mar. 2017.
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Acesso em: 19 jun. 2017
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. Acesso em: 25 jul.2017
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the United States. What Led to the Boom? Resources for the Future, abr. 2013. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 24 set. 2016.
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. Acesso em: 03 jun. 2017.
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potential of Lower Cretaceous Sembar formation in Middle and Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. In: ANNUAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2011, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN. Anais
eletrônicos... [s. l.]: AAPG, 2011. Disponível em:
A. T. KEARNEY. New A.T. Kearney Study on Shale gas Production in Europe. 2013. Disponível em:
BAMBERGER, M.; OSWALD, R. Impacts of gas drilling on human and animal health. New Solutions, v. 22, n. 1, p. 51-77, 2012. Disponível em:
BENG ONG. The potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on agriculture. European Journal of Sustainable Development, v. 3, n. 3, 2014. Disponível em:
BERMAN, A.E.; PITTINGER, L. F. U.S. Shale Gas: Less Abundance, Higher Cost. The Oil Drum, 05 ago. 2011. Disponível em:
BOYER, C.; CLARK, B.; JOCHEN, V.; MILLER, R. L. C. K. Shale gas: A Global Resource.
Oilfield Review, v. 23, n. 3, p. 28-39, 2011. Disponível em:
BP. BP Energy Outlook: 2017 edition. 2017. Disponível em:
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Potential environmental considerations associated with shale gas. 2016. Disponível: em:
COLBORN, T.; KWIATKOWSKI, C.; SCHULTZ, K.; BACHRAN, M. Natural gas
operations from a public health perspective. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, v. 17, n. 5, p. 1039-1056, 2011. Disponível em:
COMMUNITY SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Gas Well “Signature Chemicals”. 2007. Disponível em:
FRACFOCUS.ORG. Hydraulic Fracturing Water Usage. 2017. Disponível em:
FREYMAN. M. Hydraulic Fracturing & Water Stress: Water Demand by the Numbers. Boston:Ceres, 2014. Disponível em:
FUSER, I. Energia e relações internacionais. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2013 (Relações Internacionais, v. 2).
GLOBAL ENERGY STATISTICAL YEARBOOK.Total energy consumption. 2015. Disponível em:
HELMS, L Horizontal Drilling, 2008. Disponível em:
HILL, E. Shale gas Development and Infant Health: Evidence from Pennsylvania. 2014. Disponível em:
HOWARTH, Robert W. Methane emissions and climatic warming risk from hydraulic fracturing and shale gas development: implications for policy. Energy and Emission Control Technologies, v. 3, p. 45-54, 2015. Disponível em:
HUGHES, D.; MILLER, A. 2015 Shale gas Reality Check. Post Carbon Institute, 22 jul. 2015. Disponível em:
IHS. America’s New Energy Future: The Unconventional Oil and Gas Revolution and the US Economy, v. 1. [s.n.]:IHS, 2012. Disponível em:
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY. World Energy Outlook 2011. Paris: IEA, 2011.
Disponível_em:_
JACKSON, J. B.; PEARSON, B. R.; OSBORN, S. G.; WARNER, N. R.; VENGOSH, A.
Research and Policy Recommendations for Hydraulic Fracturing and Shale gas
Extraction. Durham, NC:Duke University, 2011. Disponível em:
KELSEY, T. W.; SHIELDS, M.; LADLEE, J. R.; WARD, M. Economic Impacts of
Marcellus Shale in Bradford County: Employment and Income in 2010. Pennsylvania:MSTEC, 2012. Disponível em:
KERANEN, K. M.; SAVAGE, H. M.; ABERS, G. A.; COCHRAN, E. S. Potentially induced
earthquakes in Oklahoma, USA: Links between wastewater injection and the 2011 Mw 5.7 earthquake sequence. Geology, v. 41, n. 6, p. 699-702, jun. 2013. Disponível em:
KLARE, M. Tomgram: Michael T. Klare, The Problem with Cheap Oil. TomDispath.com, 8 jan. 2009. Disponível em:
KRUEGER, A. B. Press Center. U.S Departamento of the Treasury, 2009. Disponível em:
LADISLAW, S. O.; LEED, M.; WALTON, M. A. New Energy, New Geopolitics: Balancing Stability and Leverage. Washington, DC:CSIS, 2014. Disponível em:
MAGILL, B. Fracked Oil, Gas Well Defects Leading to Methane Leaks. Climate Central, jul. 2014. Disponível em:
MAUGERI, L. Oil: The Next Revolution: the unprecedented upsurge of oil production capacity and what it means for the world. Cambridge: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 2012. Disponível em:
MIT. The future of natural gas. 2014. Disponível em:
MACKENZIE, L. M.; WITTER, R. Z.; NEWMAN, L. S.; ADGATE, J. L. Human health risk
assessment of air emissions from development of unconventional natural gas resources.
Science of The Total Environment, v. 424, n. 1, pages 79-87, May 2012. Disponível em:
MIELKE, E.; ANADON, L. D.; NARAYANAMURTI, V. Water Consumption of Energy Resource Extraction, Processing, and Conversion. Cambridge: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 2010. Disponível: em:
NATURAL GAS RESOURCE CENTER. “Profund” Impact of Shale Gas on Farming. 2015. Disponível em:
OSBORN, S. G.; VENGOSH, A.; WARNER, N. R.; JACKSON, R. B. Methane
contamination of drinking water accompanying gas-well drilling and hydraulic fracturing.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, n. 20, p. 8172-8176, 2011. Disponível em:
PARRY, I. W. H.; DARMSTADER, J. The Costs of US Oil Dependency. 2004.
Disponível_em:_
PENNSYLVANIA. Departament of Environmental Protection. Pennsylvania hydraulic fracturing review. 2010. Disponível em:
PENN STATE EXTENSION. Pennsylvania Dairy Farms and Marcellus Shale, 2007– 2010. 2012. Disponível em:
PETROLEUM ECONOMIST. 2013. Disponível em:
REGESTER LARKIN SHALE REPORT. Shale and the Middle East. 2014. Disponível em:
SCALON,R. B.; REEDY, R. C.; NICOT, J. P. Comparison of Water Use for Hydraulic Fracturing for Unconventional Oil and Gas versus Conventional Oil. Environmental Science Technology, v. 48, n. 20, p. 12386-12393, 2014. Disponível em:
SIDER, A. Demand for sand takes off thanks to fracking. Wall Street Journal, 4 ago. 2014. Business. Disponível em:
STEINGRABER, S. Prepared Remarks for Cornell Forensic Society Debate on Francking. 2014. Disponível em:
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY. Pennsylvania Energy Impacts Assessment:
Report 1: Marcellus Shale Natural Gas and Wind. 2010. Disponível em:
THOMPSON, G.; COLLINS, E. A. Report on the potential impact to Pennsylvania farms of shale gas development and proposed solutions. Pittsburg: University Pittsburg, 2012.
Disponível em:
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Frac Sand in the United States: A Geological and Industry Overview. Virginia: USGS, 2015. Disponível em:
UNITED STATES DEPARTAMENT OF ENERGY. Why is Shale gas Important? Washington, DC: U. S. Departament of Energy, 2013. Disponível_em:
UNITED STATES ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION,2014. International
Energy Outlook Washington DC: EIA, 2014. Disponível em:
WANG, Z.; KRUPNIC, A. A Retrospective Review of Shale Gas Development in
the United States. What Led to the Boom? Resources for the Future, abr. 2013. Disponível em:
WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE. Global Shale Gas Development: Water Availability and Business Risks. 2013. Disponível em:
YERGIN, D. The prize: the epic quest for oil, money & power. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014. Disponível em:
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